An Examination of the Correlation Between Air Quality and Asthma Prevalence in Gombe State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Air pollution has been widely recognized as a significant environmental risk factor for respiratory diseases, including asthma. Poor air quality, characterized by high levels of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), has been associated with increased asthma incidence and severity (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024). Exposure to air pollutants can trigger asthma attacks, worsen lung function, and contribute to long-term respiratory complications (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024).
Gombe State, located in Nigeria’s northeastern region, has experienced worsening air quality due to urbanization, industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and seasonal dust storms from the Sahara Desert (Usman & Bello, 2024). These environmental factors may contribute to rising asthma prevalence, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly (Olaniyan et al., 2023). However, there is a lack of localized studies assessing the direct correlation between air quality and asthma cases in Gombe State.
This study seeks to examine the statistical relationship between air quality and asthma prevalence in Gombe State, providing evidence to support air pollution mitigation policies and respiratory health interventions.
Statement of the Problem
The rising incidence of asthma in Gombe State poses a significant public health challenge, yet the role of environmental factors, particularly air pollution, remains underexplored (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024). While global studies have established a link between air pollution and asthma, there is a lack of empirical data quantifying this relationship in Gombe State (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024).
Air pollution levels in the state have increased due to rapid urbanization, deforestation, and increasing industrial activities. However, the absence of comprehensive air quality monitoring systems makes it difficult to assess its impact on public health (Usman & Bello, 2024). Without scientific evidence, policymakers struggle to implement targeted interventions to reduce asthma cases and improve air quality. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing air quality data and asthma prevalence trends in Gombe State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To analyze air quality levels in different areas of Gombe State.
2. To assess the prevalence of asthma and its severity among different demographic groups.
3. To examine the correlation between air pollution indicators and asthma prevalence.
Research Questions
1. What are the current air quality levels in Gombe State?
2. How does asthma prevalence vary across different populations in the state?
3. What is the statistical correlation between air pollution levels and asthma cases?
Research Hypotheses
1. Poor air quality is significantly associated with higher asthma prevalence in Gombe State.
2. Individuals living in areas with high pollution levels experience more frequent and severe asthma symptoms.
3. Reducing air pollution can lead to a decline in asthma cases and respiratory illnesses.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on air quality data and asthma prevalence in urban and semi-urban areas of Gombe State. Limitations may include challenges in accessing real-time air quality monitoring data and potential underreporting of asthma cases.
Definitions of Terms
• Air Quality: The degree of cleanliness or pollution in the air, measured by levels of pollutants such as PM2.5, NO₂, and CO.
• Asthma: A chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, leading to wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing.
• Particulate Matter (PM): Tiny airborne particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs, exacerbating respiratory diseases.
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